Hop latent viroid (HLVd) in cannabis has become one of the industry's most significant plant-health threats. It is no longer an emerging threat. It's an established, widespread problem running beneath the surface of the commercial cannabis industry. Often tolerated because it is invisible, accepted because it is misunderstood, and compounding because every conventional cloning cycle in an infected facility propagates it forward. Surveys have reported HLVd in up to 90 percent

Septoria infection can produce leaf spots, chlorosis, and progressive damage to foliage. But those symptoms alone aren't enough to identify the cause.

When Fusarium is detected in valuable plant material, tissue culture may provide a path for recovering the genetics rather than immediately discarding the cultivar.

Tissue culture and clean genetics: revolutionizing the cannabis industry's future.